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Showing posts with label Protect. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Protect. Show all posts

Wednesday, September 11, 2013

Pelosi: Willing to "Protect" Syrian Children To Death

by William Norman Grigg

Whenever the ruling elite wants to engage in another bout of humanitarian slaughter, it will have its media auxiliaries soften up the public by barraging it with images of innocent people ? particularly children ? who are suffering and dying. Every ?humanitarian? war makes those images go away. Children are still being mangled and murdered, of course ? but those who control the state-aligned media are no longer interested in showing them.

House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi recently deployed the ?It?s for the children? trope in a debate that she had ? and lost ? with her five-year-old grandson over the impending war with Syria. Since the child has not yet been processed through the government mind-laundry, he retained both his native intelligence and his natural impatience for obvious evasion. He also displayed a more mature understanding of ethics than his grandmother.

According to Pelosi?s account of the conversation, the child asked her if she favored war in Syria. Seeking refuge in circumlocution, Pelosi tried to brush off the question by replying, ?We?re not talking about war; we?re talking about action.? The child, who apparently knew that the ?action? being discussed would entail killing people, persisted through Pelosi?s persiflage: Did she support war with Syria? Pelosi again tried to deflect the question, this time by turning it back on the child by asking what he would do.

?I think no war,? was his reported reply.

In desperation, Pelosi unleashed the most potent weapon in her rhetorical arsenal ? the ?Bomb-the-children-to-save-the children? argument.

?I said, `Well, I generally agree with that, but you know, they?ve killed hundreds of children there,?? Pelosi recalled in a brief statement to reporters on the White House lawn. ?And he said, `Were these children in the United States?? And I said, `No, but they?re children wherever they are.??

America?s political class is thickly populated with thinly educated people, and in that dismal company Nancy Pelosi?s has always distinguished herself through her sheer stupidity. She is so incurably dense that she shared this story in the belief that it offered a compelling display of wisdom ? rather than the pitiable spectacle of a policymaker losing a debate over geopolitics to her five-year-old grandson.

That child, unlike his famous grandmother, instinctively drilled down to a question she and her comrades cannot answer: Quo warranto? By what supposed authority would the US government make war on Syria to deal with atrocities committed against children living in that country?

Pelosi is famously disdainful of the idea that the U.S. Constitution imposes limits of any kind on federal action. Her platitudinous response to her grandson?s insightful and incisive question seems to assume that the US government has universal jurisdiction over mistreatment of children everywhere. One unspoken corollary is that the same government has unqualified authority to abuse and slaughter children in order to achieve its objectives.

At least for now, Syria seems to be the geographic limit of Pelosi?s exquisite sensitivity regarding the suffering of children overseas. Her concern crested just to the west of Iraq, where more than a million children have died from violence inflicted by the government that has employed Pelosi since 1987.

No recorded examples exist of Pelosi expressing anguish over the hundreds of thousands of Iraqi children who perished in anguish from starvation and disease as a result of the US-inflicted embargo that lasted from 1991 to 2003. Pelosi?s silence about that atrocity tacitly ratifies the assessment of her fellow humanitarian warmonger, Madeleine Albright, who blithely told 60 Minutes that the extermination of a half-million or more Iraqi children was a suitable price to pay in order to ?punish? Saddam Hussein.

Pelosi has likewise been silent about the ongoing horrors experienced by the children of Fallujah, an Iraqi city that was pulverized by the US military in 2004 as retaliation for the killing of a handful of Blackwater mercenaries. That onslaught included widespread use of chemical munitions in the form of white phosphorous rounds and ammunition made with depleted uranium. Those, too, are chemical weapons, unless the relevant sections of the periodic table have been revised to suit the interests of the Exceptional Nation.

The collective punishment of Fallujah for defying the illegal occupation of Iraq was an atrocity of Stalinist magnitude, and that punishment continues today as the city witnesses an unprecedented increase in the rate of pediatric cancer and birth defects, such as spina bifida, heart problems, and inexplicable deformities. Medical researchers believe that this is a result of persistent elevated levels of lead, mercury, and uranium from the onslaught.


A scene from "liberated" Fallujah.

It appears that Fallujah?s victims constitute another exception to Pelosi?s axiom that

?children are children wherever they are.? The same is true of Pakistani, Yemeni, and Afghan children who have been annihilated through US drone strikes. For Pelosi they are small lives, of little consequence.

Not a syllable of condemnation has escaped Pelosi?s lips regarding her president?s murder of 16-year-old Abdulrahman al-Awlaki, who was obliterated by a drone-fired missile just weeks after Mr. Obama murdered his father, Anwar al-Awlaki.

If Abdul al-Awlaki had been a Syrian teenager killed by the government of Bashar al-Assad, Pelosi might have taken notice of the crime. When committed by her Dear Leader, however, such extra-judicial killings are considered commendable by Pelosi, who doesn?t think that the Regime needs even to acknowledge killing U.S. citizens.

?People just want to be protected,? warbled Pelosi when asked about summary execution of US citizens by drone strikes. ?And I saw that when we were fighting them on surveillance, the domestic surveillance. People just want to be protected. [They?ll say] `You go out there and do it. I?ll criticize you, but I want to be protected.??

Pelosi?s logic ? if that word can be tortured into applying here ? dictates that it is sometimes necessary to "fight" Americans to "protect" them -- even if it means "protecting" them to death. That?s a serviceable summation of her position regarding Syria: She?s willing to bomb Syrian children in order to protect them, too. Although Pelosi?s views won?t withstand the scrutiny of her five-year-old grandson, they do display a certain deranged consistency.


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Saturday, September 22, 2012

Your "Duty" To Protect and Serve the Police

by William Norman Grigg

Police have no enforceable duty to protect an individual threatened by criminal violence. A lawsuit recently filed in New Hampshire demonstrates that police are taught to assume that citizens have a moral and legal duty to protect them.

Beverly Mutrie of Greenland, New Hampshire is being sued by four police officers who were wounded during an April 12 shootout at the home of her late son, Cullen. Greenland Police Chief Michael Maloney was killed in the gunfight. Following an eight-hour standoff involving SWAT operators and dozens of police officers, Cullen and his girlfriend, Brittany Tibbetts, were found dead in what was described as a murder-suicide.

Mrs. Mutrie?s only connection to the events of April 12 is the fact that she owned the home where the shootout took place. The lawsuit filed by the officers claims that she ?indirectly supported and facilitated? illegal activity that supposedly occurred on the premises. She has not been charged with a crime.

In addition to being an act of simple vindictiveness, the lawsuit against Beverly Mutrie is probably an attempt by the municipality ? which wasn?t cut in for a share of the ?forfeiture? haul ? to confiscate her home. An interrogatory interview of Mrs. Mutrie focused entirely on her insurance coverage. The DEA seized three vehicles found on the property and $14,320 in cash that was found on the body of Brittany Tibbetts.

The raid itself may have been prompted by concerns that the case against Cullen Mutrie was weak. An aspiring firefighter who spent much of his time in the gym, Cullen came to the attention of a state narcotics task force in July 2010 when an officer serving a restraining order found anabolic steroids during a search of the home. In a bench trial, Cullen was found guilty of domestic assault against a live-in girlfriend. He was put on probation and required to undergo an anger management assessment.

In January, an informant working with the state drug task force allegedly bought a small amount of oxycodone from Cullen?s girlfriend. Over the next several weeks, while the police continued their surveillance of the home, Cullen reconsidered his initial guilty plea on the steroid-related charges. His attorney, Stephen Jeffco, filed a motion to suppress the drug evidence as the product of an illicit search. As Rockingham County Attorney Jim Reams points out, the case was ?set for trial when the shootout began.?

Police arrived at Cullen?s home on April 12 to serve a no-knock warrant. Two of the officers, who were acquainted with Cullen and aware of the home?s surveillance cameras, gestured to be let inside. When Cullen refused to grant entry, Task Force agents forced open the door. Cullen reportedly opened fire, wounding four of the officers and killing Chief Maloney. An eight-hour standoff ensued, during which time the alleged murder-suicide took place.

If Cullen Mutrie, who was 6?3? tall and weighed 275 pounds, was involved in criminal conduct, what was his mother supposed to do about it ? spank him? Assuming that she was aware of his activities, she could have called the police, who had already been investigating her son for nearly two years. If she had been an accomplice or an accessory, Mrs. Mutrie would face criminal charges, rather than what amounts to an extortion attempt.

The persecution of Beverly Mutrie is neither the first, nor the worst, case of its kind.

In June 2007 Karen Mies, a 66-year-old hospice nurse from Shingle Springs, California, suffered two losses no wife and mother should ever endure. Her husband, 72-year-old Arthur, was killed in an entirely unanticipated act of irrational violence on the part of their 35-year-old son, Eddie.

After the police were notified, Eddie was killed in an armed stand-off involving the local SWAT team, a helicopter provided by the state police, and several deputies from the El Dorado County Sheriff's Department.

More than one hundred rounds were fired in the June 5, 2007 shoot-out. In addition to the deaths of Arthur and Eddie, three deputies -- Jon Yaws, Greg Murphy, and Melissa Meekma -- suffered gunshot wounds. The injuries suffered by deputies Yaws and Murphy required multiple surgeries and lengthy hospitalization, but weren?t life-threatening.

In the months prior to that horrible day, Eddie?s behavior had become erratic, leading his friends and family to wonder if he suffered from a psychological condition. Karen and Arthur had tried, unsuccessfully, to find suitable help for their troubled son ? but they certainly didn?t anticipate that his problems would culminate in murder.

Displaying preternatural grace, Karen inquired after the health of the injured deputies, telling a friend that her sole consolation was the fact that they would survive. A measure of the depth of her good character is offered by the fact that she didn?t recant that statement after Yaws and Murphy filed a multi-million-dollar lawsuit against her and her husband?s estate.

The deputies claimed that Karen ? who was not charged as an accomplice ? shared the culpability for the injuries allegedly inflicted on the deputies by her son. Eddie Mies was characterized in the document as "a diagnosed schizophrenic" with a "criminal history" who displayed "paranoia and [a] propensity for violence." For these reasons, insisted the deputies, Karen should have known it was "necessary to avoid allowing Eddie Mies access to firearms," and they claimed that she displayed actionable negligence by permitting such access.

In a television interview, Yaws appeared to accuse the Mies family of conspiring to endanger his life and those of his fellow officers. When Jake Mies, Eddie's brother, made a frantic 911 call to report that his father had been shot, he told the operator that he didn't know who had committed the crime. Yaws characterized this as a deliberate lie, and accused Karen of being a party to the deception.

"We were directly lied to when they said they didn't know who had done it," asserted Yaws. "We thought it was a random person [on the ground] through the neighborhood. We would have handled it entirely differently if we had known it was someone from the residence."

Even if this had been true, it's difficult to see how the knowledge that the shooting was an aggravated domestic dispute would have changed the tactical situation. The police deployed overwhelming force, then used a CHP helicopter to flush Eddie into the open where he was quickly killed by the SWAT team.

Immediately after the incident the El Dorado Sheriff?s Office peddled a self-dramatizing version of the episode in which Eddie Mies supposedly ?tried to bait the officers? into a thicket near the house. The department also claimed that he had devised "an elaborate system of bunkers and tunnels" akin to the labyrinth Colonel Hogan's resistance cellcreated beneath Stalag 13. The lawsuit asserted that Eddie was "found dead in a bunker with a cache of weapons and ammunition, as well as a change of clothes."

After the suit was filed, Karen Mies took a reporter from the Sacramento Bee on a walking tour of the family's 2.5 acre property, where she and her late husband had raised six children.

The "ammunition cache" was an old toolbox containing bullets, birdshot, and useless junk. The "change of clothes" was a jacket. At the time of his death, Eddie was armed with a shotgun and a revolver he had purchased legally as an adult. The warren of "bunkers" and "tunnels" consisted of a handful of small depressions and sunken trails "where the kids used to play," Karen pointed out.

In similar fashion, Eddie's psychological problems and "criminal" history were generously embroidered by the deputies. Although his behavior had become alarming to his friends and family, Eddie was never diagnosed with schizophrenia or any other mental disorder. His "criminal history" consisted of traffic arrests in Wyoming and Nevada.

Although it is clear that Eddie had killed his father, it was never firmly established that he actually shot the deputies, who may well have been injured as a result of ?friendly fire.? When asked about this possibility, Bill Clark, who at the time was chief deputy DA for El Dorado County, blithely replied that his office had been ?too busy? to complete its official inquiry.

Lawsuits of the sort filed against Beverly Mutrie and Karen Mies are generally foreclosed or dismissed on the basis of the "Fireman's Rule,? which recognizes that police and emergency workers assume certain risks inherent in their jobs.

In 1996, the American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees (AFSCME, the official tax-feeders' union) enacted a resolution denouncing the ?Fireman?s Rule? as a form of "unfair and indefensible treatment of public safety employees and law enforcement officers" and supporting efforts to "reform or abolish the Fireman's Rule wherever it exists." The AFSCME, through its affiliate, the National Law Enforcement Officers Rights Center, has quietly lobbied for modifications to the ?Fireman?s Rule? while looking for a promising lawsuit that could abolish it outright.

The lawsuit against Karen Mies was quickly snuffed out by a gale-force outburst of public revulsion, at least some of it inspired by the fact that the female deputy who had been wounded didn?t join in the suit.

The shootout that prompted the lawsuit against Beverly Mutrie is much better suited to the needs of the cynical tax-feeders? lobby. It involves the death of Chief Michael Maloney, who ? in a cinematic touch -- was eight days from retirement (at age 48, following a 26-year law enforcement career that was otherwise devoid of danger).

Thousands of law enforcement personnel attended Maloney?s funeral, including career criminal Eric Holder, who apparently wasn?t too busy fomenting racial tensions, covering up FBI torture-murders, or supplying high-performance weaponry to Mexican criminal syndicates.

If Beverly Mutrie had been visiting her son on April 12, and been shot by one of the officers during the raid, her assailant would be shielded from a lawsuit by the spurious principle of ?qualified immunity.? The lawsuit filed against her is intended to advance the perverse principle that citizens have a legal responsibility to act as the equivalent of human shields for police officers ? a development that is both revolting and entirely predictable.
__
William Norman Grigg [send him mail] publishes the Pro Libertate blog and hosts the Pro Libertate radio program.

Copyright ? 2011 William Norman Grigg


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Saturday, August 4, 2012

Dark Knight Shooting: More Evidence The Government Can't Protect You



Chris | InformationLiberation

Libertarians are frequently demonized and accused of supporting a state of lawlessness where everyone must "fend for themselves."

In fact, it's statism which creates a situation of lawlessness and "anarchy," in the negative sense of the word, because rather than people have full knowledge they must fend for themselves, they think the government will protect them. A task which, like keeping health insurance prices low, keeping drugs and weapons out of prisons, "managing" the economy, etc., the government fails at miserably. I believe such a failure was on display with today's Dark Knight shooting.

Just a few days ago there was a widely covered story when a 71-year-old man shot some robbers who entered an internet cafe armed with guns:

Fortunately, the older gentleman had a gun and was able to defend himself and everyone else from the armed robbers. One 71-year-old man did what the government could not. Imagine if such a situation occurred today at this Dark Knight shooting! If only one person had a gun the chances that Colorado shooter James Holmes would have been killed and more people would have survived would have been exponentially greater. The more people who had weapons, the easier it would have been to kill him.

Was no one armed? Are guns even allowed in the theatre? I'm not familiar with Colorado's gun laws, but any laws restricting what people are "permitted" to own by their rulers in the government are too many. Even if they had no restrictions on gun ownership (they do), the implicit false sense of protection the government gives people leaves people more exposed to danger because they assume "the government will protect them" and they do not have to "fend for themselves."

Of course, there was no police there to protect the people above in the internet cafe, nor was there any police to protect those during the Dark Knight shooting. As anyone who follows this site knows, the police generally act as revenue collection agencies for the state, violating people's rights just like armed robbers, rather than act to protect people from criminals, they act to protect the criminal state from the people.

The "government," or the people who call themselves "the government," are more likely to violate your rights than any random criminal, yet for the most part it's entirely illegal to defend yourself against government robbery and any state sanctioned "use of force."

To depend on these people for "protection" is foolish to the extreme, those who believe such nonsense put us all in danger.
_
Chris runs the website InformationLiberation.com, you can read more of his writings here. Follow infolib on twitter here.


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Latest Commentary
- Freedom is Dead; Long Live Freedom.
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Chris,

YOU ARE THE MAN.

You hit the nail on the head and drove it all the way in with one stroke! BAM! Done!

My final comment:

*EXACTLY*!!!

more non thinking from you chris - you should stick to reporting the news and leave the commentary to others, as its obvious youre no good at it.

if you think giving everyone a gun is the answer to gun violence, well.. i doubt theres even a word to describe such stupidity.

somalia has no gun laws, no taxes and no government. sounds like heaven eh? - dont let the door hit you on the ass on the way out :p

This is what 3D movies do to the mentally unstable. A guy thought Batman was real, and many innocents died as a result. The Police were at the Tiki Movie Theater
and protected the Public from
78-year-old actor Fred Willard. Compare the facial expression of the "Batman Shooter" taken after his arrest, with the facial expression of the "Tucson Shooter" who nearly killed a Congresswoman. they appear remarkably similar - a strange wide-open, but glazed look to the eyes, a satisfied smirk, etc.

One might conclude that both were given the same drugs, whatever those could be, in a form of mind control more commonly associated with an intelligence agency, some of which happen to have university programs for recruiting students.

And even more strange is that Congress has the U.N. Small Arms Control Treaty under consideration and before this shooting, they lacked several votes for it to be enacted into law.

Operation "Fast and Furious" may have been the original false-flag operation to convince Congress to enact the U.N. gun confiscation treaty, but it failed, so perhaps this mass shooting is "Plan B" from the intel community.

This staged event/drill was a fraud/hoax. Watch the interviews, look at the photos, use your common sense. The same people and photos over and over again. Umm he was wearing a full bulletproof set up so had someone had a gun and was able to use it, the chances of it being that helpful in a tear gassed room are slim to none.
Such a lovable MK ULTRA smile. @ Anon6919 Compare the facial expression of the "Batman Shooter" taken after his arrest,

if you mean this picture..

http://imgur.com/l0UDW -

that wasnt taken after his arrest - even the one with him with red hair was taken from a dating site, before the event....

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Thursday, November 24, 2011

Protect and Serve: NY Cops Violently Drag Woman By Her Hair

A NYPD officer drags a woman by her hair as OWS protesters look on and scream in shock.

Latest Tyranny/Police State
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- "What can you offer to get out of a DUI?" -- Cop solicits women he pulled over
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- Two cops fired over horrific video which shows them beating up suspect - then CELEBRATING
- DEA Sweeps Across Western Washington With Dispensary Raids
- Cop Gets 25 Years for Murdering Bar Owner Who Threw Him Out

This site contains copyrighted material the use of which in some cases has not been specifically authorized by the copyright owner. Such material is made available for the purposes of news reporting, education, research, comment, and criticism, which constitutes a 'fair use' of such copyrighted material in accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. Section 107. If you wish to use copyrighted material from this site for purposes of your own that go beyond 'fair use', you must obtain permission from the copyright owner. It is our policy to respond to notices of alleged infringement that comply with the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (found at the U.S. Copyright Office) and other applicable intellectual property laws. It is our policy to remove material from public view that we believe in good faith to be copyrighted material that has been illegally copied and distributed by any of our members or users.
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"Men occasionally stumble over the truth, but most of them pick themselves up and hurry off as if nothing ever happened..." - Winston Churchill


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Monday, September 19, 2011

To Serve and Protect -- the State

by Wendy McElroy

Last month, an international rights tribunal slapped America across the face through a showcase ruling that has no legal force. The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights found that Jessica Lenahan could sue the Castle Rock, Colorado, police department for its refusal in 1999 to enforce a restraining order against her estranged husband. The American courts had dismissed her case.

The tribunal's finding has reignited the discussion of a decades-old tragedy. But the issue is being cast as an expose of America's domestic-violence policies. It is more accurately an example of the extreme disconnect between the public and the police when it comes to preventing violence. The public cries, "That's your job!" The police reply, "Tell it to the judge." And American judges have consistently ruled that the police have no obligation to protect you.

The tribunal's ruling reveals a common confusion about the purpose of law enforcement in America. Lenahan claims that the police have a legal obligation to protect her from violence and so, they were delinquent in their duty. In reality, protecting people is not the mission of law enforcement. Their purpose is to enforce the law, to administer the will of the state.

Where did this near-schizophrenic view of law enforcement come from? The Lenahan case offers some insight.

Back Story on the Case

On June 22, 1999, estranged husband and father Simon Gonzales kidnapped his three young daughters despite an active restraining order against him. Frantic, his wife Jessica (then-Gonzales) phoned the police seven times and visited the police station, pleading with them for help. Even though a restraining order was in place and had been violated, the police refused to pay more than token attention to her, believing Simon to be nonviolent. Within 24 hours, the corpses of the three girls were found in the back of his pick-up truck and Simon was killed in a shootout with police.

Jessica filed a $30 million lawsuit against the city of Castle Rock, accusing the police of violating her 14th Amendment right to due process. The Due Process clause of the Amendment reads, in part,

No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
In essence, Jessica argued that the police department's refusal to enforce a restraining order violated a Constitutional entitlement to protection.

The case wended its way up to the US Supreme Court. On June 27, 2005, the Supreme Court dismissed Castle Rock v. Gonzales on the grounds that there was no constitutional right to police protection.

By Colorado law, the police are required to "use every reasonable means to enforce a protection order." Nevertheless, the Supreme Court ruled against state law. The majority held that

Colorado law has not created a personal entitlement to enforcement of restraining orders. It does not appear that state law truly made such enforcement mandatory. A well-established tradition of police discretion has long coexisted with apparently mandatory arrest statutes.
Thus, the heart of Castle Rock v. Gonzales is a police v. the people dispute. Do the police exist to protect you? The clear answer is no. From the 1856 US Supreme Court ruling on South v. Maryland through to Castle Rock, the courts have ruled that "there is no Constitutional right to be protected by the state against being murdered by criminals or madmen" (Bowers v. DeVito, 1982).

What, Then, Is the Purpose of the Police?

The American legal system is rooted in English common law, and the modern American policeman harkens back to English sheriffs, who were paid by and accountable to the government, not to the community. The main purpose of the sheriff was to enforcement what were called "government decisions." Maintaining public order was also a concern, but "order" was defined by the government.

Late 18th-century England is the specific period of history in which the modern American police force is rooted. England was then developing into a modern nation-state and many of the institutions we recognize today were being launched. One of the first "police bills" was suggested in 1785 by Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger. It would have established a tax-funded police force with jurisdiction over London; the bill was defeated. But in 1786, the English instituted a centralized municipally funded police force in Dublin, Ireland, with the explicit purpose of quashing "disorder." In the wake of the 1799 rebellion in Ireland, the police force was further centralized and strengthened.

In this as in other social measures, Ireland acted as a testing ground for what would later become policy in England. For example, the English imposed state-supported hospitals in Ireland long before they existed in Britain. The establishment of the modern police force in Ireland was completed in 1814 under Robert Peel, chief secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, who established the Peace Preservation Police. Peel explained that the police were a "paramilitary force" ? that is, it was military in both organization and training. True to their name, the purpose of the police was to preserve the peace against disruptive elements ? that is, against rebellious native Irishmen.

In his essay "'Call the COPS' ? But Not the Police: Voluntaryism and Protective Agencies in Historical Perspective," libertarian Carl Watner described England as becoming "more receptive" to the idea of modern police force

so that by 1829, Peel ? now Home Secretary for England ? was able to persuade Parliament to accept his proposal for a single government-controlled police for London; the new Metropolitan Police [was] ? a tamer, anglicized version of the police he had established earlier in Ireland.(.pdf)
What had changed since 1785? At least two factors weighed heavily. In his book Police and Protest in England and Ireland 1780?1850 (1988), Stanley H. Palmer described one of them:
[T]he experience of organizing and recruiting the Irish police undoubtedly informed a central English political elite of the feasibility of police, their usefulness in times of disorder, the advantages of disciplined professionalism. (p. 376)
In their book Criminal justice: an introduction to philosophies, theories and practice (2004), Ian Marsh, John Cochrane, and Gaynor Melville described a second factor:
Why did the modern police force emerge at this time ? at the beginning of the 19th century? Until then the threat to individual liberty had been used as an argument against organized policing. However, the coming of industrial capitalism led to large numbers of impoverished workers ? unemployed or poorly employed ? moving to the expanding urban centers. This, along with the general population growth, led to a fear ? of the "dangerous classes." (p.135)
In short, the roots of the modern police force in England, as in Ireland, came from a perceived need for social control.

As in England, so too in America. Peel's model was largely adopted by American cities during the 19th century. As Carl Watner pointed out,

One of the dominant themes in the history of police in the United States has been the struggle over which political faction would control the police. Under the U.S. Constitution, police power was not a federal responsibility, but rather an obligation of either the state, county, or local governments. Since control over the police was a local responsibility, it had to vacillate "between city or state elective authorities. Thus, nowhere was the embrace of police and politics tighter than in the United States."
Thus, the United States Supreme Court decision in Castle Rock should have surprised no one. If the court had found that restraining orders were constitutional entitlements to protection, then the fundamental purpose of American law enforcement would have shifted away from service to law toward service to individuals. Moreover, such a court precedent would have released a paralyzing flood of lawsuits against police departments. This, too, might have changed the "job description" of law enforcement in America.

A Competing View That Is Uniquely American

Why do Americans persist in believing that policemen are there to protect them?

One reason: Unlike most nations, America has historical precedent for the belief. It is called the Old West. As Terry L. Anderson and P.J. Hill explained in their essay "An American Experiment in Anarcho-Capitalism: The Not So Wild, Wild West," the image of the Western town sheriff that is epitomized by Marshal Dillon is one of a private police force that did protect people and property. They wrote,

The West during this time is often perceived as a place of great chaos, with little respect for property or life. Our research indicates that this was not the case; property rights were protected, and civil order prevailed. Private agencies provided the necessary basis for an orderly society in which property was protected and conflicts were resolved.

These agencies often did not qualify as governments because they did not have a legal monopoly on "keeping order." They soon discovered that "warfare" was a costly way of resolving disputes and lower-cost methods of settlement (arbitration, courts, etc.) resulted. In summary, this paper argues that a characterization of the American West as chaotic would appear to be incorrect.

Anderson and Hill provide a compelling revisionist view of "the Wild West" that accords with how it is portrayed in Zane Grey novels. They write,
Recently, however, more careful examinations of the conditions that existed cause one to doubt the accuracy of this perception. In his book, Frontier Violence: Another Look, W. Eugene Hollon stated that he believed "that the Western frontier was a far more civilized, more peaceful, and safer place than American society is today."[12] The legend of the "wild, wild West" lives on despite Robert Dykstra's finding that in five of the major cattle towns (Abilene, Ellsworth, Wichita, Dodge City, and Caldwell) for the years from 1870 to 1885, only 45 homicides were reported ? an average of 1.5 per cattle-trading season.[13]

In Abilene, supposedly one of the wildest of the cow towns, "nobody was killed in 1869 or 1870. In fact, nobody was killed until the advent of officers of the law, employed to prevent killings."[14]

At one time, a significant portion of what is now America was protected by private policemen who were paid by ? and, so, responsible to ? the community where they served. The Western sheriffs did protect people and property; they did rescue schoolmarms and punish cattle rustlers. Their mission was to keep the peace by preventing violence.

Modern policemen still bask in the glow of that legacy even as they betray it by taking state salaries and institutionalizing an indifference for the person and property of those they purport to serve. The modern policeman is, in fact, the antithesis of Marshal Dillon and an expression of the stereotypical British sheriff ? a civil servant responsible only to government and governmental policy.

Conclusion

And so, the real message of the Gonzales tragedy is this: Protect yourself, because the police are not paid to care.
__
The author of several books, Wendy McElroy maintains two active websites: wendymcelroy.com and ifeminists.com. Send her mail. See Wendy McElroy's article archives.


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